How a session works
You sit in a chair while a magnetic coil rests against your scalp. You hear clicking and feel a tapping sensation. You remain awake the whole time, and there is no recovery period — most people drive themselves to and from appointments.
What the evidence shows
Randomized controlled trials support TMS for major depression that has not responded to at least one adequate antidepressant trial, with response rates in real-world studies often reported around half of patients. It is not a guaranteed cure, and some people need maintenance sessions.
Editorial note: we summarize research in general terms. Individual results vary, and no clinic can promise an outcome.
Safety and side effects
The most common side effects are scalp discomfort and headache during early sessions, which usually fade. Seizure is a rare risk, which is why clinics screen for seizure history and certain medications. Unlike ECT, TMS does not require anesthesia and does not cause memory loss.
Cost and insurance
Most major insurers, including Medicare, cover TMS for depression when documentation shows prior antidepressant trials did not help. Coverage for OCD and other uses varies. Ask the clinic to verify benefits before starting.
Common questions
Is TMS the same as ECT?
No. TMS uses magnetic pulses while you are awake and has no anesthesia or memory effects. ECT uses electrical stimulation under anesthesia and is typically reserved for more severe or urgent situations.
Who should not have TMS?
People with non-removable metal in or near the head (such as certain implants or aneurysm clips) generally cannot receive TMS. The clinic will screen for this.
This guide is educational and not medical advice. If you are in crisis, call or text 988.