Where it genuinely helps
The strongest evidence is for metabolism genes: if you process a drug very quickly or very slowly, standard doses can fail or cause side effects. Guidelines from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) support using these results for several antidepressants and other drugs.
Where the marketing outruns the science
No gene test can tell you which antidepressant will work best for you. Commercial reports often include 'use as directed' rankings that go beyond the evidence. Editorial note: treat PGx results as one input for your prescriber, not a verdict — and be wary of clinics that sell testing as a shortcut to the 'right' medication.
Common questions
Should everyone get tested?
No. It is most reasonable after one or more medication failures or unusual side effects, not as a routine first step.
Does insurance cover it?
Sometimes. Coverage policies differ widely, and out-of-pocket prices vary, so confirm cost before the swab.
This guide is educational and not medical advice. If you are in crisis, call or text 988.